There were no police during the Tudor era. However, there were many harsh laws and even harsher punishments. People believed that if a punishment was severe enough, the crime would not be repeated.
Here are some punishments...

Beheading
If you were rich and broke the law you would usually have your head chopped off.

Hanging
A rope was placed around your neck making it difficult to breathe. You were then hung until you died. This punishment was for stealing, treason, rebellion, riot and murder.

Burning
If you were a woman and found guilty of treason you would be tied to sticks and burnt.

Being Crushed
You would be crushed under heavy objects.

Boiling
If you had tried to murder someone you would be boiled in a pot of hot water.

Whipping
You were tied to a post and whipped. This could be for stealing.

Branding With Irons
You would have a letter branded into your skin with a hot iron. M for murderer, V for vagrant and T for thief.

The Pillory
You would stand up and have your arms and head put in a T shaped block of wood to be laughed at by passers by.

The Stocks
This was the same as the pillory except that your feet would go in a hole as well. Fruit would be thrown at you.

The Ducking Stool
If you were accused of being a witch you were put on a stool and dunked into the water. If you floated, you were a witch and burnt but if you sank, you drowned.